Maybank Summarises Thai Energy Issues After Minister's Special Meeting

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Maybank Securities (Thailand) released an analysis summarising key issues in Thailand's energy and power sector after holding a special meeting with Energy Minister Ekkanat Prompan, attended by 24 institutional investors and major clients. Maybank holds a slightly negative view, as new capacity from large power plants, or IPPs, for the private sector is limited, and returns from future IPP PPA extensions tend to be relatively low. On the positive side, it sees opportunities from the opening of the electricity market through Direct PPAs and Thailand's still-strong ability to attract data centre investment. The draft PDP 2026, expected to take effect officially by October 2026, sets out the principle of balancing three goals: clean energy, energy security, and fairness. The government is developing a Smart Grid system with investment of more than 100 billion baht, and the National Energy Policy Council is opening the electricity market through Direct PPAs that allow all industrial electricity users to participate without a capacity quota limit. However, the structure of the wheeling charge for using the transmission network is still under consideration by the Energy Regulatory Commission, with the rate expected to be appropriate and competitive at slightly above 1 baht per unit. In the first phase of the draft PDP 2026, new capacity from combined-cycle gas turbine plants, or CCGTs, totals 9.1 gigawatts, of which roughly 6 gigawatts is likely to be developed by the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand, limiting new opportunities for the private sector, while renewable energy projects and battery energy storage systems, or BESS, remain open to private players. In the oil and gas group, the government is coordinating with the Myanmar government to secure the new gas concession Block 46, which can supply Thailand with natural gas of up to 250 million cubic feet per day, or about 6% of current demand, and will open a new round of petroleum concessions in Andaman blocks. Deepwater drilling development costs stand at 10 to 11 US dollars per million BTU, higher than 6 to 7 US dollars per million BTU on the Gulf of Thailand side, but still far cheaper than the current spot LNG price of 25 US dollars per million BTU. The government is also pushing to raise the share of long-term LNG contracts from about 30% of Thailand's natural gas supply, of which only 50% is currently under long-term contracts, to 80%, and is considering alternative LNG import sources such as Russia, as well as restructuring the gas pool price so that data centre users pay according to the marginal cost of LNG imports instead of the pooled gas price. For the oil group, the Energy Minister believes Thailand still has room to double the mandatory ethanol blending ratio from the current 10%, since raw materials from sugarcane molasses and cassava are readily available and ethanol production capacity is in surplus. Ethanol costs 20 to 21 baht per litre, compared with gasoline at 30 baht per litre. Biodiesel blending may face constraints because the price of crude palm oil, the main raw material, is relatively high compared with the price of petroleum diesel.

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